A primary paper analysed the patterns of egg manufacturing and of egg commerce within the MEA area. This paper will concentrate on poultry meat manufacturing and poultry meat commerce.

Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst – The creator is Professor emeritus of the College of Vechta and visiting professor on the College of Veterinary Medication Hannover, Germany

In 2020, 453 million folks lived within the 17 MEA nations, 5.7% of the worldwide inhabitants. They shared 6.4 % in world poultry meat manufacturing and 6.9% in hen meat manufacturing. Their position in world poultry meat commerce differed. In 2020, they shared 12.1% in world hen meat imports and contributed 4.8% to hen meat exports. Commerce with different poultry meat species was negligible. The precise climatic state of affairs, which limits the manufacturing of poultry feed, explains their outstanding position in hen meat imports. The extraordinary position of poultry meat within the vitamin of the MEA nations outcomes from the shortage of non secular limitations concerning the consumption of this meat kind. 

Rooster meat dominated poultry meat manufacturing

Rooster meat dominated poultry meat manufacturing within the MEA area in 2020, sharing 96.5% within the total manufacturing (Desk 1). The opposite meat sorts reached solely comparatively small volumes. Whereas Egypt ranked in first place in duck and goose meat manufacturing, Israel and Turkey collectively produced over 80% of the turkey meat. Due to the dominance of hen meat, the next evaluation will concentrate on this meat kind.

Excessive regional focus in hen meat manufacturing

In 2020, the 17 MEA nations produced 8.2 mill. t of hen meat (primarily broiler meat). The ten main nations 98.1%. Determine 1 paperwork the excessive regional focus. Iran and Turkey collectively contributed 53.0% to the entire manufacturing quantity, the 4 main nations 80.3%. The rating of the three main nations displays that of the inhabitants. Israel, solely quantity 9 concerning inhabitants, ranks in fifth place. The nation clearly tries to be self-sufficient and to satisfy the demand by home manufacturing due to its political and financial isolation. Israel had the best per capita poultry meat consumption with over 60 kg/yr worldwide in 2020.Excessive regional focus additionally in hen meat commerce

Excluding Turkey and Iran, the MEA nations weren’t capable of meet the rising demand by home manufacturing. Determine 2 reveals the distinctive position of Turkey. The nation shared 75.4% within the total export quantity; Iran contributed 7.2%. The United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Oman exported a few of their imports to adjoining Islamic nations because the detailed evaluation of the commerce flows will doc. It’s value noting that Turkey not solely ranked in first place in poultry meat but in addition in egg exports. Over the previous twenty years, a extremely environment friendly poultry business has developed on this nation, which has been capable of achieve a powerful place within the world commerce with these two gadgets. If will probably be capable of keep this place, will rely on the long run financial growth and the devaluation of the Turkish Lira.

As anticipated, the regional focus in hen meat imports was decrease than in exports as many of the MEA nations needed to import to satisfy the constantly growing demand. However, the focus was remarkably excessive. The three main nations collectively shared over two thirds within the total imports of the area (Determine 3).

Saudi Arabia ranked in an unchallenged first place, adopted by the United Arab Emirates and Iraq. The extraordinary position which poultry meat performs within the vitamin of Saudi Arabia’s inhabitants is mirrored within the per capita consumption of over 40 kg/yr. As talked about earlier than, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Oman exported a few of their imports to different Islamic nations within the MEA area (Desk 2).

Patterns of commerce flows

For chosen nations, patterns of hen meat exports and imports will likely be analysed. 

In 2020, Turkey ranked in fifth place among the many main hen meat exporting nations with a share of three.6% within the world export quantity. Rooster meat was exported to 100 nations; the regional focus was nonetheless very excessive as Determine 4 paperwork. With a share of 53.8%, Iraq was the main nation of vacation spot, adopted by Hong Kong, Libya and Congo. The composition and rating of the nations displays the chance to deep freeze hen meat and, in distinction to shell eggs, to move it over lengthy distances. 

The United Arab Emirates ranked in second place concerning hen meat exports by MEA area nations (Desk 2). The home manufacturing was solely as excessive as 52,200 t. To satisfy the demand of the inhabitants, virtually 475,000 t of hen meat had been imported, in order that 527,200 t had been out there for consumption. Clearly, an oversupply occurred, which resulted in an export of 62,200 t to Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.

Desk 2 paperwork that in 2020 the import quantity was about 1.5 mill. t greater than the export quantity. The spatial patterns of the imports will likely be analysed intimately for chosen nations to doc similarities and variations. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates collectively imported virtually 1.1 mill. t of hen meat in 2020. Determine 5 reveals the remarkably excessive focus of Saudi Arabia’s imports. The 5 main nations of origin contributed 97.3% to the general imports, Brazil alone 71.8%. The extraordinary position of Brazil is no surprise as it’s the main hen meat exporting nation. It’s shocking, nonetheless, that the USA didn’t export related portions to Saudi Arabia. One motive stands out as the aftermath of the Avian Influenza outbreaks within the USA in 2015, which stopped exports to over 30 nations. Another excuse is that the customers on the Arab Peninsula favor complete broilers with a mean weight between 0.8 and 1 kg as a meal. Whereas Brazil and France provide this product, the USA primarily exported minimize up elements, which aren’t very enticing for the customers (Windhorst 2019, 2021). 

The import sample of the United Arab Emirates is sort of similar with that of Saudi Arabia. The one distinction is the upper contribution of the USA (Determine 6). The composition of the inhabitants within the Emirates differs significantly from that of Saudi Arabia. The proportion of non-Arabic inhabitants is remarkably excessive. Main worldwide firms and banks have their headquarters or branches in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. As well as, tourism performs an vital position, attracting guests from all around the world. Excessive-class lodges and eating places adapt to this example and provide poultry meals, that are much like these in Europe or North America. Lower up elements are the premise for these meals. 

Qatar’s import sample is sort of similar with that of the United Arab Emirates. In 2020, Brazil shared 60.9% within the imports, the USA 20.5%. Kuwait imported over 104,000 t of broiler meat from Brazil, 80.3% of the general import quantity. 

A comparability of the commerce flows in poultry meat imports reveals that Brazil was the main nation of origin for all nations on the Arab Peninsula. The USA, quantity two in world broiler meat exports, gained greater market shares solely within the United Arab Emirates, which, based mostly on the precise composition of the inhabitants and its worldwide financial relations, imported appreciable quantities of minimize up elements to satisfy the patron demand.

Abstract and views

The previous paper may doc that poultry meat manufacturing and commerce play an vital position within the MEA area. The shortage of non secular limitations makes poultry meat essentially the most enticing meat kind in vitamin. The regional focus in manufacturing in addition to in commerce was very excessive. In hen meat manufacturing (virtually solely broiler meat), the 4 main nations shared over 80% within the manufacturing quantity in 2020. Iran and Turkey produced over two mill. t every. Excluding Turkey and Iran, all different MEA nations needed to import hen meat to satisfy the rising demand. Brazil was the main nation of origin for the imports of all nations. The USA may achieve greater market shares solely within the United Arab Emirates. The rising inhabitants and a better buying energy will end in a always growing demand. Because the growth of poultry meat manufacturing within the MEA area is restricted, hen meat imports will improve. If and when cell cultured broiler meat will achieve greater market shares is a nonetheless open query regardless of the outstanding growth in Israel and initiatives in Qatar.

Knowledge sources and recommendations for additional studying

FAO database: https://www.fao.org/faostat.

Windhorst, H.-W.: Brazil and USA: Ongoing competitors on the worldwide hen meat market. In: Zootecnica worldwide 41 (2019), no. 6, p. 16-19.

Windhorst, H.-W.: Brasilien – ein Gigant der globalen Fleischerzeugung und im Fleischhandel. Teil 2: Mit Geflügel an der Spitze. In: Fleischwirtschaft 101 (2021), Nr. 8, S. 28-33.